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Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing | Volume 5 | Issue 2 | research-article
Research Papers

Effect of Reprocessing on the Rheological, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

[+] Author and Article Information
Felicia Stan

Mem. ASME
Center of Excellence Polymer Processing,
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati,
47 Domneasca,
Galati 800 008, Romania
e-mail: felicia.stan@ugal.ro

Laurentiu Ionut Sandu

Center of Excellence Polymer Processing,
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati,
47 Domneasca,
Galati 800 008, Romania
e-mail: laurentiu.sandu@ugal.ro

Catalin Fetecau

Mem. ASME
Center of Excellence Polymer Processing,
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati,
47 Domneasca,
Galati 800 008, Romania
e-mail: catalin.feteca@ugal.ro

Razvan Rosculet

Center of Excellence Polymer Processing,
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati,
47 Domneasca,
Galati 800 008, Romania
e-mail: razvan.rosculet@ugal.ro

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Manufacturing Engineering Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF MICRO- AND NANO-MANUFACTURING. Manuscript received September 27, 2016; final manuscript received January 31, 2017; published online March 23, 2017. Editor: Jian Cao.

J. Micro Nano-Manuf 5(2), 021005 (Mar 23, 2017) (9 pages) Paper No: JMNM-16-1052; doi: 10.1115/1.4035955 History: Received September 27, 2016; Revised January 31, 2017
Article
References
Figures
Tables

In this paper, polypropylene (PP) filled with different levels of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) manufactured by injection molding was closed-loop recycled in order to investigate the effect of recycling and reprocessing on its rheological, electrical, and mechanical properties. It was found that the PP/MWCNT composites keep the flow performance after mechanical recycling. Moreover, the stress and strain at break increase after one reprocessing cycle (mechanical recycling and injection molding), whereas no statistically significant changes in electrical conductivity, Young's modulus, and tensile strength of the PP/MWCNT composites filled with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% were observed.
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Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

Schematic representation of the active cell for resistivity measurement

+Schematic representation of the active cell for resistivity measurement
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Schematic representation of the active cell for resistivity measurement
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Fig. 2

Melt shear viscosity curves for PP/MWCNT composites with 5 wt.%. (a) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R1).

+Melt shear viscosity curves for PP/MWCNT composites with 5 wt.%. (a) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R1).
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Melt shear viscosity curves for PP/MWCNT composites with 5 wt.%. (a) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R1).
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Fig. 3

Dependence of melt shear viscosity on temperature for an apparent shear rate of 1000 s−1. (a) PP/MWCNT (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT (R1).

+Dependence of melt shear viscosity on temperature for an apparent shear rate of 1000 s−1. (a) PP/MWCNT (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT (R1).
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Dependence of melt shear viscosity on temperature for an apparent shear rate of 1000 s−1. (a) PP/MWCNT (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT (R1).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

Relationship between apparent shear viscosity and MWCNTs at 200 °C. (a) PP/MWCNT (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT (R1).

+Relationship between apparent shear viscosity and MWCNTs at 200 °C. (a) PP/MWCNT (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT (R1).
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Relationship between apparent shear viscosity and MWCNTs at 200 °C. (a) PP/MWCNT (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT (R1).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

Melt shear viscosity for: (a) virgin and (b) reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites. (a) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R1).

+Melt shear viscosity for: (a) virgin and (b) reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites. (a) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R1).
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Melt shear viscosity for: (a) virgin and (b) reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites. (a) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R0) and (b) PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.% (R1).
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Fig. 6

Master curves for PP/MWCNT composites with: (a) 1 wt.% and (b) 5 wt.%

+Master curves for PP/MWCNT composites with: (a) 1 wt.% and (b) 5 wt.%
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Master curves for PP/MWCNT composites with: (a) 1 wt.% and (b) 5 wt.%
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Fig. 7

SEM image for PP/MWCNT with 1 wt.%: (a) powder from mechanical recycling and (b) injection-molded sample after first reprocessing cycle

+SEM image for PP/MWCNT with 1 wt.%: (a) powder from mechanical recycling and (b) injection-molded sample after first reprocessing cycle
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SEM image for PP/MWCNT with 1 wt.%: (a) powder from mechanical recycling and (b) injection-molded sample after first reprocessing cycle
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

SEM image for PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.%: (a) powder from mechanical recycling and (b) injection-molded sample after first reprocessing cycle

+SEM image for PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.%: (a) powder from mechanical recycling and (b) injection-molded sample after first reprocessing cycle
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SEM image for PP/MWCNT with 5 wt.%: (a) powder from mechanical recycling and (b) injection-molded sample after first reprocessing cycle
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Fig. 9

Stress–strain curves for reprocessed PP/MWCNT composite at 50 mm/min

+Stress–strain curves for reprocessed PP/MWCNT composite at 50 mm/min
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Stress–strain curves for reprocessed PP/MWCNT composite at 50 mm/min
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Fig. 10

Stress–strain curves for PP/MWCNT composites with: (a) 1 wt.% and (b) 5 wt.% at 50 mm/min

+Stress–strain curves for PP/MWCNT composites with: (a) 1 wt.% and (b) 5 wt.% at 50 mm/min
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Stress–strain curves for PP/MWCNT composites with: (a) 1 wt.% and (b) 5 wt.% at 50 mm/min
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Fig. 11

Effect of reprocessing and MWCNT weight percentage on the mechanical properties of PP/MWCNT composites at 50 mm/min

+Effect of reprocessing and MWCNT weight percentage on the mechanical properties of PP/MWCNT composites at 50 mm/min
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Effect of reprocessing and MWCNT weight percentage on the mechanical properties of PP/MWCNT composites at 50 mm/min
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Fig. 12

Effect of variables on the mechanical properties of reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites

+Effect of variables on the mechanical properties of reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites
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Effect of variables on the mechanical properties of reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites
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Fig. 13

Resistivity of: (a) virgin and (b) reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites

+Resistivity of: (a) virgin and (b) reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites
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Resistivity of: (a) virgin and (b) reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 14

Comparison between resistivity of virgin and reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites

+Comparison between resistivity of virgin and reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites
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Comparison between resistivity of virgin and reprocessed PP/MWCNT composites
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 15

DC electrical conductivity as a function of MWCNT weight percentage

+DC electrical conductivity as a function of MWCNT weight percentage
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DC electrical conductivity as a function of MWCNT weight percentage

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