... that rotate with the specimen should be minimized. Also, the distance between these structures and the load cell should be reduced. spine bending moment test apparatus artifact dynamic cadaver The tolerance of the spine to injurious bending moments is used for the development of injury...

... lead to life-altering injuries. These events achieve higher forces over shorter durations than car crashes, the current standard used for protective measures. In order to determine appropriate injury limits for the lower limb, a testing apparatus has been designed that can simulate these types...