Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to numerically correlate the amount of generated vapor over a hydrofoil to the lift and drag coefficients acting on it. Cavitation characteristics were investigated of a hydrofoil in the cavitating, sub-cavitating, and non-cavitating flows for different angles of attacks (AoA) with the high upstream flow velocity. The hydrofoil was tested in a square water tunnel with water entering the tunnel at various velocities for each AoA ranges from 9.1 m/s to 12.2 m/s. It was found that lift and drag forces acting on the hydrofoil follow the trend of the experimental data quite closely. While the cavitation can be identified by a unique number (averaged vapor volume fraction), the work done created an inverse correlation between this number and the cavitation number at the same angle of attack. The lift force declines with the increase in the vapor content on the hydrofoil surface, meanwhile the drag force peaks at certain vapor volume fraction, and then, a huge reduction occurs with the considerable decrease in the corresponding cavitation number. A fourth-order correlation generated between the lift to drag (L/D) and the cavitation number (σ). It was found the lift-to-drag ratio decreases by the formation of the cavitation over the hydrofoil, thus causing a drop in the efficiency of the turbomachines.
Issue Section:
Energy Systems Analysis
References
1.
Brennen
, C. E.
, 1994
, Hydrodynamics of Pumps
, Concepts ETI, Inc., and Oxford University Press
, Oxford, UK
.2.
Knapp
, R.
, Daily
, J.
, and Hammitt
, F.
, 1979
, Cavitation
, McGraw-Hill
, New York
.3.
Liu
, Y. L.
, Zhang
, A. M.
, and Tian
, Z. L.
, 2014
, “Approximation of Underwater Explosion Bubble by Singularities Based on BEM
,” Ocean Eng.
, 75
, pp. 46
–52
. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.11.0084.
De Lange
, D. F.
, and De Bruin
, G. J.
, 1997
, “Sheet Cavitation and Cloud Cavitation, Re-entrant Jet and Three-Dimensionality
,” Appl. Sci. Res.
, 58
(1/4
), pp. 91
–114
. 10.1023/A:10007631307805.
Kjeldsen
, M.
, Arndt
, R. E. A.
, and Effertz
, M.
, 2000
, “Spectral Characteristics of Sheet/Cloud Cavitation
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 122
(3
), pp. 481
–487
. 10.1115/1.12878546.
Kravtsova
, A. Y.
, Markovich
, D. M.
, Pervunin
, K. S.
, Timoshevskiy
, M. V.
, and Hanjalić
, K.
, 2014
, “High-Speed Visualization and PIV Measurements of Cavitating Flows Around a Semi-Circular Leading-Edge Flat Plate and NACA0015 Hydrofoil
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 60
, pp. 119
–134
. 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2013.12.0047.
Abbas
, A. I.
, Qandil
, M. D.
, Al-Haddad
, M. R.
, and Amano
, R. S.
, 2019
, “Performance Investigation of Very-Low-Head Kaplan Hydro-Turbines
,” AIAA SciTech Forum 2019
, AIAA-2019-0241. 10.2514/6.2019-0241.8.
Leroux
, J. B.
, Astolfi
, J. A.
, and Billard
, J. Y.
, 2004
, “An Experimental Study of Unsteady Partial Cavitation
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 126
(1
), pp. 94
–101
. 10.1115/1.16278359.
Wu
, Q.
, Huang
, B.
, Wang
, G. Y.
, and Gao
, Y.
, 2015
, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hydroelastic Response of a Flexible Hydrofoil in Cavitating Flow
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 74
, pp. 19
–33
. 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.03.02310.
Zhang
, L. X.
, and Khoo
, B. C.
, 2014
, “Dynamics of Unsteady Cavitating Flow Incompressible Two-Phase Fluid
,” Ocean Eng.
, 87
, pp. 174
–184
. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.06.00511.
Foeth
, E. J.
, van Terwisga
, T.
, and van Doorne
, C.
, 2008
, “On the Collapse Structure of an Attached Cavity on a Three-Dimensional Hydrofoil
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 130
(7
), p. 071303
. 10.1115/1.292834512.
Foeth
, E. J.
, van Doorne
, C. W. H.
, van Terwisga
, T.
, and Wieneke
, B.
, 2006
, “Time-Resolved PIV and Flow Visualization of 3D Sheet Cavitation
,” Exp. Fluids
, 40
(4
), pp. 503
–513
. 10.1007/s00348-005-0082-913.
Laberteaux
, K. R.
, and Ceccio
, S. L.
, 2001
, “Partial Cavity Flows. Part 2. Cavities Forming on Test Objects With Spanwise Variation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 431
, pp. 43
–46
. 10.1017/S002211200000293714.
Yang
, Y.
, Jenet
, F.
, Xu
, B.
, Garza
, J. C.
, Tamayo
, B.
, Chaves
, Y.
, Reyes
, O.
, and Fuentes
, S.
, 2020
, “Experimental Study of a Lift-Type Wave Energy Converter Rotor in a Freewheeling Mode
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 142
(3
), p. 031201
. 10.1115/1.404455015.
Kermeen
, R. W.
, “Water Tunnel Tests of the NACA 66-012 Hydrofoil in Non-Cavitating and Cavitating Flows
,” Hydrodynamics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Department of Navy, Bureau of Ships
, 1956, Report No. 47-5.16.
Kawanami
, Y.
, Kato
, H.
, Yamaguchi
, H.
, Tanimura
, M.
, and Tagaya
, Y.
, 1997
, “Mechanism and Control of Cloud Cavitation
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 119
(4
), pp. 788
–794
. 10.1115/1.281949917.
Arndt
, R. E. A.
, Song
, C. C. S.
, Kjeldsen
, M.
, and Keller
, A.
, 2000
, “Instability of Partial Cavitation: A Numerical/Experimental Approach
,” Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics
, Val de Reuil, France
, Sept. 17–22
, National Academies Press.18.
Kim
, S. E.
, 2009
, “A Numerical Study of Unsteady Cavitation on a Hydrofoil
,” CAV2009, Paper No. 56, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation
, Ann Arbor, MI
, Aug. 16–20
.19.
Li
, Z.
, and Van Terwisga
, T.
, 2011
, “On the Capability of Multiphase RANS Codes to Predict Cavitation Erosion,” Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Ship Theory (FDS)
,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Marine Propulsors
, Hamburg, Germany
, June 15–17
.20.
Decaix
, J.
, and Goncalvès
, E.
, 2013
, “Investigation of Three-Dimensional Effects on a Cavitating Venturi Flow
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 44
, pp. 576
–595
. 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2013.08.01321.
Abbas
, A. I.
, Qandil
, M. D.
, Al-Haddad
, M.
, and Amano
, R. S.
, 2020
, “Investigation of Horizontal Micro Kaplan Hydro Turbine Performance Using Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 142
(5
), p. 052101
. 10.1115/1.404582122.
Wu
, X. C.
, Wang
, Y. W.
, and Huang
, C. G.
, 2016
, “Effect of Mesh Resolution on Large Eddy Simulation of Cloud Cavitating Flow Around a Three-Dimensional Twisted Hydrofoil
,” Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids
, 55
(Part 1
), pp. 229
–240
. 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2015.09.01123.
Hartman
, P. J.
, Luetjen
, D.
, and Mandel
, D.
, 1983
, “Reliability Analysis of Total Systems Using Component Failure Data
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 105
(2
), pp. 217
–221
. 10.1115/1.323090624.
Tabatabaei
, N.
, Gantasala
, S.
, and Cervantes
, M. J.
, 2019
, “Wind Turbine Aerodynamic Modeling in Icing Condition: Three-Dimensional RANS-CFD Versus Blade Element Momentum Method
,” ASME J. Energy Resources Technol.
, 141
(7
), p. 071201
. 10.1115/1.404271325.
Huang
, S.
, He
, M.
, Wang
, C.
, and Chang
, X.
, 2010
, “Simulation of Cavitation Flow Around a 2-D Hydrofoil
,” J. Mar. Sci. Appl.
, 9
(1
), pp. 63
–68
. 10.1007/s11804-010-8090-426.
Schroeder
, S.
, Kim
, S. E.
, and Jasak
, H.
, 2009
, “Toward Predicting Performance of an Axial Flow Waterjet Including the Effects of Cavitation and Thrust Breakdown
,” Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute, Proceedings of First International Symposium on Marine Propulsors
, Trondheim, Norway
, June 22–24
.27.
Gosset
, A.
, Diaz Casas
, V.
, and Lopez Pena
, F.
, 2010
, “Evaluation of the Cavitating Foam Solver for Low Mach Number Flow Around a 2-D Hydrofoil
,” Proceedings of Fifth OpenFOAM Workshop
, Gothenburg, Sweden
.28.
Nedyalkov
, I.
, and Wosnik
, M.
, 2013
, “Cavitation Investigation of Hydrofoils for Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines
,” Proceeding of ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting
, Incline Village, NV
, July 7–11
, p. V002T06A010
.29.
Tabatabaei
, N.
, Raisee
, M.
, and Cervantes
, M. J.
, 2019
, “Uncertainty Quantification of Aerodynamic Icing Losses in Wind Turbine With Polynomial Chaos Expansion
,” ASME J. Energy Resources Technol.
, 141
(5
), p. 051210
. 10.1115/1.404273230.
Bensow
, R. E.
, and Bark
, G.
, 2010
, “Implicit LES Prediction of the Cavitating Flow on a Propeller
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 132
(4
), p. 041302
. 10.1115/1.400134231.
Wang
, Y. W.
, Liao
, L. J.
, Du
, T. Z.
, Huang
, C. G.
, Liu
, Y. B.
, Fang
, X.
, and Liang
, N. G.
, 2014
, “A Study on the Collapse of Cavitation Bubbles Surrounding the Underwater-Launched Projectile and Its Fluid-Structure Coupling Effects
,” Ocean Eng.
, 84
, pp. 228
–236
. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.04.01432.
Abbas
, A. I.
, Amano
, R. S.
, Saravani
, M. S.
, Qandil
, M. D.
, and Sakamoto
, T.
, 2019
, “Optimization of Kaplan Hydro-Turbine at Very Low Head With Rim-Driven Generator
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 141
(11
), p. 111204
. 10.1115/1.404371033.
Abbas
, A. I.
, Qandil
, M. D.
, Al-Haddad
, M.
, Saravani
, M. S.
, and Amano
, R. S.
, 2019
, “Utilization of Hydroturbines in Wastewater Treatment Plants
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 141
(6
), p. 062011
. 10.1115/1.404296934.
Qandil
, M. D.
, ElGammal
, T.
, Abbas
, A. I.
, and Amano
, R. S.
, 2019
, “Predicting the Cavitation Phenomena Over the Hydrofoil: CFD Validation
,” AIAA SciTech 2019 Forum
, San Diego, CA
, Jan. 7–11
, p. 0783
.35.
Hirt
, C. W.
, and Nichols
, B. D.
, 1981
, “Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method for the Dynamics of Free Boundaries
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 39
(1
), pp. 201
–225
. 10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-536.
Beyhaghi
, S.
, and Amano
, R. S.
, 2017
, “Improvement of Aerodynamic Performance of Cambered Airfoils Using Leading-Edge Slots
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 139
(5
), p. 051204
. 10.1115/1.403604737.
Brennen
, C. E.
, 1995
, Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics
, Oxford University Press
, Oxford, UK
.38.
Landahl
, M. T.
, and Mollo-Christensen
, E.
, 1986
, Turbulence and Random Processes in Fluid Mechanics
, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge, UK
.39.
Boersma
, B. J.
, and Lele
, S. K.
, 1999
, “Large Eddy Simulation of Compressible Turbulent Jets
,” Center for Turbulence Research, Annual Research Briefs
, pp. 365
–377
.40.
Leonard
, A.
, 1975
, “Energy Cascade in Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Fluid Flows
,” Adv. Geophys.
, 18
(Part A
), pp. 237
–248
. 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60464-141.
Knight
, D.
, Zhou
, G.
, Okong'o
, N.
, and Shukla
, V.
, 1998
, “Large Eddy Simulation of Compressible Flows Using Unstructured Grids
,” Proceedings of the 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit
, Reno, NV
, Jan. 12–15
.42.
Schmitt
, F. G.
, 2007
, “About Boussinesq's Turbulent Viscosity Hypothesis: Historical Remarks and a Direct Evaluation of Its Validity
,” C. R. Mec.
, 335
(9–10
), pp. 617
–627
. 10.1016/j.crme.2007.08.00443.
Nicoud
, F.
, and Ducros
, F.
, 1999
, “Subgrid-Scale Stress Modelling Based on the Square of the Velocity Gradient Tensor
,” Flow, Turbul. Combust.
, 62
(3
), pp. 183
–200
. 10.1023/A:100999542600144.
Ducros
, F.
, Nicoud
, F.
, and Poinsot
, T.
, 1998
, “Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity Models for Simulations in Complex Geometries
,” Proceedings of the 6th Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics
, Oxford
, 1998
.45.
Dixon
, S. L.
, and Hall
, C. A.
, 2014
, Fluid Mechanics, and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery
, 7th ed., Elsevier
, New York
.46.
Noh
, W. F.
, and Woodward
, P.
, 1976
, “SLIC (Simple Line Interface Calculation)
,” Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics, Twente University
, Enschede, The Netherlands
, June 28–July 2
, Springer
, Berlin/Heidelberg
, pp. 330
–340
.Copyright © 2020 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
