This work focuses on the development and application of a generic methodology targeting the design of optimum rotorcraft operations in terms of fuel burn, gaseous emissions, and ground noise impact. An integrated tool capable of estimating the performance and emitted noise of any defined rotorcraft configuration within any designated mission has been deployed. A comprehensive and cost-effective optimization strategy has been structured. The methodology has been applied to two generic, baseline missions representative of current rotorcraft operations. Optimally designed operations for fuel burn, gaseous emissions, and ground noise impact have been obtained. A comparative evaluation has been waged between the acquired optimum designs. The respective trade-off arising from the incorporation of flight paths optimized for different objectives has been quantified. Pareto front derived models for fuel burn and emitted noise have been structured for each mission. The Pareto models have been subsequently deployed for the design of operations optimized in a multidisciplinary manner. The results have shown that the proposed methodology is promising with regards to achieving simultaneous reduction in fuel burn, gaseous emissions, and ground noise impact for any defined mission. The obtainable reductions are found to be dependent on the designated mission. Finally, the potential to design optimum operations in a multidisciplinary fashion using only a single design criterion is demonstrated.

References

1.
d’Ippolito
,
R.
,
Stevens
,
J.
,
Pachidis
,
V.
,
Berta
,
A.
,
Goulos
,
I.
, and
Rizzi
,
C.
, 2012, “
A Multidisciplinary Simulation Framework for Optimization of Rotorcraft Operations and Evironmental Impact
,” Second International Conference on Engineering Optimization.
2.
Clarke
,
J.-P.
, 2003, “
The Role of Advanced Air Traffic Management in Reducing the Impact of Aircraft Noise and Enabling Aviation Growth
,”
J. Air Transp. Manag.
,
9
, pp.
161
165
.
3.
Brooker
,
P.
, 2005, “
Civil Aircraft Design Priorities: Air Quality? Climate Change? Noise?
,”
Aeronaut. J.
,
110
(
1110
), pp.
517
532
.
4.
Celis
,
C.
,
Long
,
R.
,
Sethi
,
V.
, and
Zammit-Mangion
,
D.
, 2009, “
On Trajectory Optimization for Reducing the Impact of Commercial Aircraft Operations on the Environment
,” 19th International Society for Air Breathing Engines Conference.
5.
Goulos
,
I. C.
,
Celis, Pachidis
,
V.
,
d’Ippolito
,
R.
, and
Stevens
,
J.
, 2010, “
Simulation Framework Development for Aircraft Mission Analysis
,” Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2010,
1
, pp.
341
351
.
6.
Goulos
,
I.
,
Mohseni
,
M.
,
Pachidis
,
V.
,
d’Ippolito
,
R.
, and
Stevens
,
J.
, 2010, “
Simulation Framework Development for Helicopter Mission Analysis
,” Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2010,
3
, pp.
843
852
.
7.
Mohseni
,
M.
, 2011, “
Helix-Simulation Framework Development for Assessment of Rotorcraft Engines
,” Ph.D. thesis, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
8.
Noesis Solutions
, 2008,
OPTIMUS REV 8–Manual
,
Leuven
,
Belgium
, November.
9.
Serr
,
C.
,
Hamm
,
J.
,
Toulmay
,
E.
,
Polz
,
G.
,
Langer
,
H. J.
,
Simoni
,
M.
,
Russo
,
A. M. B.
,
Vozella
,
A.
,
Young
,
C.
,
Stevens
,
J.
,
Desopper
,
A.
, and
Papillier
,
D.
, 1999, “
Improved Methodology for Take-Off and Landing Operational Procedures—The Respect Programme
,” 25th European Rotorcraft Forum.
10.
Serr
,
C.
,
Polz
,
G.
,
Hamm
,
J.
,
Hughes
,
J.
,
Simoni
,
M.
,
Ragazzi
,
A.
,
Desopper
,
A.
,
Taghizad
,
A.
,
Langer
,
H.
,
Young
,
C.
,
Russo
,
A.
,
Vozella
,
A.
, and
Stevens
,
J.
, 2001, “
Rotorcraft Efficient and Safe Procedures for Critical Trajectories
,”
Air Space Eur.
,
3
(
3
), pp.
266
270
.
11.
Visser
,
W.
, 1995, “
Gas Turbine Simulation at NLR
,” Symposium on Simulation Technology.
12.
Visser
,
W.
, and
Broomhead
,
M.
, 2000, “
GSP, a Generic Object Oriented Gas Turbine Simulation Environment
,” Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2000.
13.
Visser
,
W.
, and
Kluiters
,
S.
, 1998, “
Modeling the Effects of Operating Conditions and Alternative Fuels on Gas Turbine Performance and Emissions
,” Technical Report NLR-TP-98629, National Aerospace Laboratory, National Lucht-en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium.
14.
Oosten
,
N. V.
, 2006, “
HELENA, a New Tool for Helicopter Noise Footprint Calculation
,” Improved Methods for the Assessment of the Generic Impact of Noise in the Environment (IMAGE) Final Meeting.
15.
Lorenzen
,
T.
, and
Anderson
,
V.
, 1993,
Design of Experiments: A No-Name Approach
,
CRC Press
, Boca Raton, FL.
16.
Olsson
,
A.
,
Sandberg
,
G.
, and
Dahlblom
,
O.
, 2003, “
On Latin Hypercube Sampling for Structural Reliability Analysis
,”
Struct. Safety
,
25
(
1
), pp.
47
68
.
17.
Wright
,
G. B.
, 2003, “
Radial Basis Function Interpolation: Numerical and Analytical Development
,” Ph.D. thesis, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
18.
Schwefel
,
H.
, 1981,
Numerical Optimization of Computer Models
, Interdisciplinary Systems Research,
Wiley
,
Chichester, England
.
19.
Schittkowski
,
K.
, 1983, “
Theory, Implementation and Test of a Nonlinear Programming Algorithm
,” Optimization Methods in Structural Design:Proceedings of the Euromech-Colloquium 164, October 12-14, Siegen, Germany.
20.
Schittkowski
,
K.
, 1983, “
On the Convergence of a Sequential Quadratic Programming Method With an Augmented Lagrangian Search Direction
,”
Optimization
,
14
, pp.
197
216
.
21.
Hock
,
W.
, and
Schittkowski
,
K.
, 1983, “
A Comparative Performance Evaluation of 27 Nonlinear Programming Codes
,”
Computing
,
30
, pp.
335
358
.
22.
Das
,
I.
, and
Dennis
,
J. E.
, 1998, “
Normal-Boundary Intersection: A New Method for Generating the Pareto Surface in Nonlinear Multicriteria Optimization Problems
,”
SIAM J. Optimiz.
,
8
, pp.
631
657
.
23.
Bayraktar
,
H.
, and
Turalioglu
,
F.
, 2005, “
A Kriging-Based Approach for Locating a Sampling Site in the Assessment of Air Quality
,”
Stoch. Env. Res. Risk. A.
,
19
, pp.
301
305
.
You do not currently have access to this content.