Abstract

A circular arc spring damper (CASD) is a recently proposed fluid-film damper that has two or more arc-shaped centering springs and dual radial clearances formed by wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). CASD requires less space and weight than a conventional cage-centered squeeze-film damper (SFD). It provides linear stiffness and stable damping force in rotor-bearing systems to attenuate vibration due to imbalance or to improve rotordynamic stability. The authors have been investigated the dynamic characteristics of CASD in component-level experiments. However, their performance and applicability to real machines have not been confirmed in system-level experiments. Additionally, a theoretical means of evaluation for CASD should be established to predict its dynamic coefficients and to understand the mechanism of dynamic force generation. In the first part of this study, a numerical evaluation method using two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis and its theoretical background is presented. Transient structural analysis and fluid-film flow analysis with a simple homogeneous cavitation model are coupled in the commercial multiphysics platform ansys. The accuracy of the method was validated by comparing the damping and added-mass coefficients with results from previous experiments. Furthermore, several aspects of the force generation mechanism and the difference from conventional SFD were studied numerically. The second part of the study addresses the application of CASD in a multistage centrifugal compressor. A combined 4-in. diameter, five-pad tilting pad journal bearing (TPJB) with four-arc type CASD was newly designed and manufactured. To prove the applicability of the developed damper bearing, a series of rotating tests were conducted at a high-speed balancing facility with a full-scale dummy rotor with a critical speed ratio (CSR) of approximately 3.1. The measured unbalance response showed a much lower amplification factor (AF) than that of the conventional TPJB without the damper, which infers a significant improvement in the stability. The measured responses agreed with the rotordynamic analysis, which uses the dynamic coefficients of CASD derived from the proposed numerical evaluation method.

References

1.
Gunter
,
E. J.
,
Barrett
,
L. E.
, and
Allaire
,
P. E.
,
1975
, “
Design and Application of Squeeze Film Dampers for Turbomachinery Stabilization
,”
Proceedings of the Fourth Turbomachinery Symposium, College Station
, TX, Oct., pp.
127
141
.10.21423/R1T37D
2.
Zeidan
,
F. Y.
,
San Andrés
,
L.
, and
Vance
,
J. M.
,
1996
, “
Design and Application of Squeeze Film Dampers in Rotating Machinery
,”
Proceedings of the 25th Turbomachinery Symposium
, Houston, TX, Sept., pp.
169
188
.10.21423/R1694R
3.
Della Pietra
,
L.
, and
Adiletta
,
G.
,
2002
, “
The Squeeze Film Damper Over Four Decades of Investigations. Part I: Characteristics Operating Features
,”
Shock Vib. Dig.
,
34
(
1
), pp.
3
26
.https://pascalfrancis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14184204
4.
San Andrés
,
L.
,
Jeung
,
S.
,
Den
,
S.
, and
Savela
,
G.
,
2016
, “
Squeeze Film Damper: An Experimental Appraisal of Their Dynamic Performance
,”
Proceedings of the First Asia Turbomachinery and Pump Symposium
, Singapore, Feb.
22
25
.10.21423/R12Q4N
5.
Kanki
,
H.
,
Sato
,
Y.
, and
Ueshima
,
T.
,
2005
, “
Development of Compact Damper Bearing
,”
ASME
Paper No. DETC2005-84775.10.1115/DETC2005-84775
6.
Takeuchi
,
R.
,
Ishimaru
,
H.
,
Yamashita
,
H.
,
Yabui
,
S.
, and
Inoue
,
T.
,
2021
, “
Experimental Evaluation of Dynamic Characteristics of Circular Arc Spring Dampers for Rotating Machinery
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
143
(
1
), p.
061008
.10.1115/1.4049164
7.
Zeidan
,
F. Y.
, and
Vance
,
J. M.
,
1990
, “
Cavitation Regimes in Squeeze Film Dampers and Their Effect on the Pressure Distribution
,”
Tribol. Trans.
,
33
(
3
), pp.
447
453
.10.1080/10402009008981975
8.
Gehannin
,
J.
,
Arghir
,
M.
, and
Bonneau
,
O.
,
2009
, “
Complete Squeeze-Film Damper Analysis Based on the ‘Bulk Flow’ Equations
,”
Tribol. Trans.
,
53
(
1
), pp.
84
96
.10.1080/10402000903226382
9.
Tichy
,
J. A.
,
1983
, “
The Effect of Fluid Inertia in Squeeze Film Damper Bearings: A Heuristic and Physical Description
,”
ASME
Paper No. 83-GT-177.10.1115/83-GT-177
10.
San Andrés
,
L.
, and
Vance
,
J. M.
,
1987
, “
Effect of Fluid Inertia on Squeeze-Film Damper Forces for Small-Amplitude Circular-Centered Motions
,”
ASLE Trans.
,
30
(
1
), pp.
63
68
.10.1080/05698198708981731
11.
Chen
,
P. Y. P.
, and
Hahn
,
E. J.
,
1998
, “
Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Hydrodynamic Lubrication
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J
,
212
(
6
), pp.
427
436
.10.1243/1350650981542236
12.
Chen
,
P. Y. P.
, and
Hahn
,
E. J.
,
2000
, “
Side Clearance Effects on Squeeze Film Damper Performance
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
33
(
3–4
), pp.
161
165
.10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00022-0
13.
Xing
,
C.
,
Braun
,
M. J.
, and
Li
,
H.
,
2009
, “
A Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes-Based Numerical Model for Squeeze-Film Dampers. Part 1—Effects of Gaseous Cavitation on Pressure Distribution and Damping Coefficients Without Consideration of Inertia
,”
Tribol. Trans.
,
52
(
5
), pp.
680
694
.10.1080/10402000902913303
14.
Lee
,
G. J.
,
Kim
,
J.
, and
Steen
,
T.
,
2017
, “
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation to Squeeze Film Damper Analysis
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
139
(
10
), p.
102501
.10.1115/1.4036511
15.
Wang
,
Z.
,
Zhang
,
G.
,
Wen
,
J.
, and
Liu
,
Z.
,
2017
, “
Numerical Modeling of the Flow in the Squeeze Film Dampers With Oil Feed Groove by Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J
,
231
(
6
), pp.
693
707
.10.1177/1350650116673766
16.
Diaz
,
S.
, and
San Andrés
,
L.
,
2001
, “
A Model for Squeeze Film Dampers Operating With Air Entrainment and Validation With Experiments
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
123
(
1
), pp.
125
133
.10.1115/1.1330742
17.
Childs
,
D. W.
,
1993
,
Turbomachinery Rotordynamics: Phenomena, Modeling, and Analysis
,
Wiley
,
New York
.
18.
API
,
2005
, “API Standard Paragraphs Rotordynamic Tutorial: Lateral Critical Speeds, Unbalance Response, Stability, Train Torsionals, and Rotor Balancing,” 2nd ed.,
American Petroleum Institute
,
Washington, DC
, API Recommended Practice 684.
19.
API
,
2014
, “Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors,” 8th ed.,
American Petroleum Institute
,
Washington, DC
, API Standard No. 617.
20.
Childs
,
D. W.
, and
Vance
,
J. M.
,
1997
, “
Annular Gas Seals and Rotordynamics of Compressors and Turbines
,”
Proceedings of the 26th Turbomachinery Symposium
, Houston, TX, pp.
201
220
.
21.
Memmott
,
E. A.
,
2011
, “
Stability of Centrifugal Compressors by Applications of Damper Seals
,”
ASME
Paper No. GT2011-45634.10.1115/GT2011-45634
22.
Kuzdzal
,
M. J.
, and
Hustak
,
J. F.
,
1996
, “
Squeeze Film Damper Bearing Experimental Vs Analytical Results for Various Damper Configurations
,”
Proceedings of the 25th Turbomachinery Symposium
, Houston, TX, Sept., pp.
57
70
.10.21423/R1V36B
23.
de Santiago
,
O.
,
San Andrés
,
L.
, and
Oliveras
,
J.
,
1999
, “
Imbalance Response of a Rotor Supported on Open-Ends, Integral Squeeze Film Dampers
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
121
(
4
), pp.
718
724
.10.1115/1.2818532
24.
Agnew
,
J.
, and
Childs
,
D. W.
,
2012
, “
Rotordynamic Characteristics of a Flexure Pivot Pad Bearing With an Active and Locked Integral Squeeze Film Damper
,”
ASME
Paper No. GT2012-68564.10.1115/GT2012-68564
25.
Vannini
,
G.
,
Emanuele
,
R.
,
Pelagotti
,
A.
, and
Carmicino
,
C.
,
2017
, “
Rotordynamic Test Results From a High Flexibility Ratio-High Pressure Fully Instrumented Centrifugal Compressor Test Vehicle
,”
Proceedings of the 46th Turbomachinery Symposium
, Houston, TX, Dec.
11
14
.https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166802
26.
Li
,
W.
,
Braman
,
C.
,
Hantz
,
B.
,
Thorat
,
M.
, and
Pettinato
,
B.
,
2020
, “
Squeeze Film Damper Bearing With Double-Ended Beam Springs: Part II—Experimental Validation
,”
ASME
Paper No. GT2020-15491.10.1115/GT2020-15491
27.
Guyan
,
R. J.
,
1965
, “
Reduction of Stiffness and Mass Matrices
,”
AIAA J.
,
3
(
2
), p.
380
.10.2514/3.2874
28.
ANSYS, Inc.
,
2020
, “ANSYS Workbench User's Guide 2020R1,”
ANSYS
, Canonsburg, PA.
29.
Thorat
,
M. R.
, and
Hardin
,
R.
,
2020
, “
Rotordynamic Characteristics Prediction for Hole-Pattern Seals Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
142
(
2
), p.
021004
.10.1115/1.4044760
30.
Braun
,
M. J.
, and
Hannon
,
W. M.
,
2010
, “
Cavitation Formation and Modelling for Fluid Film Bearings: A Review
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J
,
224
(
9
), pp.
839
863
.10.1243/13506501JET772
31.
Gehannin
,
J.
,
Arghir
,
M.
, and
Bonneau
,
O.
,
2009
, “
Evaluation of Rayleigh-Plesset Equation Based Cavitation Models for Squeeze Film Dampers
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
131
(
2
), p.
024501
.10.1115/1.3063819
32.
Adiletta
,
G.
, and
Pietra
,
L. D.
,
2006
, “
Experimental Study of a Squeeze Film Damper With Eccentric Circular Orbits
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
128
(
2
), pp.
365
377
.10.1115/1.2162555
33.
Rotating Machinery Analysis, Inc.
,
2019
, “XLRotor Reference Guide Ver.5.6,”
Rotating Machinery Analysis
, Brevard, NC.
You do not currently have access to this content.