Abstract

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive effort to characterize the properties of Inconel 718 produced by a form of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D)-printing, subsequently subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment according to standards F3055-14a and AMS 5663, respectively. Material property data, while broadly available for traditional Inconel 718 presentations (e.g., forgings or castings) is currently lacking for the 3D-printed material. It is expected that while limited in size, the experimental data sets presented provide sufficient information to glean the capability of LPBF Inconel 718. These include: (1) chemical composition, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) characterization of 3D-printed material structure; (2) tensile properties—0.2% yield stress, ultimate stress, modulus of elasticity, and elongation to failure—based on 108 samples, as functions of temperature and sample print orientation; (3) creep rupture data including the Larson-Miller parameter, based on 21 samples; and (4) high cycle fatigue data based on 21 samples as a function of temperature. Results are compared to available standards and/or data for forged, cast, and other AM Inconel 718. A key observation of this study, based on the EBSD results, is that while the material appears to approach full recrystallization following heat treatment, there is a detectable fraction of the material that does not fully recrystallize, resulting in a material with mechanical properties (e.g., yield stress and creep rupture) measurably lower than those of forgings, but higher than those of castings.

References

1.
Wooding
,
R. S.
,
Lea
,
H. G.
, and
Córdova
,
J. L.
,
2022
, “
Development of Oil Free Centrifugal Blower As Enabling Technology for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Gas Recycling
,”
ASME
Paper No. GT2022-82294.10.1115/GT2022-82294
2.
Córdova
,
J. L.
,
2022
, “
Additive Manufacturing of Centrifugal Impellers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Offgas Recycle Blowers
,”
ASME
Paper No. GT2022-83489.10.1115/GT2022-83489
3.
Reed
,
R. C.
,
2006
,
The Superalloys Fundamentals and Applications
,
Cambridge University Press
,
Cambridge, UK
.
4.
Velo3D
,
2020
, “
Production With Velo3D Sapphire
,” Velo3D, Campbell, CA, accessed Feb. 2, 2023, www.velo3D.com
5.
Trosch
,
T.
,
Strößner
,
J.
,
Völkl
,
R.
, and
Glatzel
,
U.
,
2016
, “
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLM Inconel 718 Compared to Forging and Casting
,”
Mater. Lett.
,
164
, pp.
428
431
.10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.136
6.
Yadroitsev
,
I.
,
Yadroitsava
,
I.
,
Plessis
,
A. D.
, and
MacDonald
,
E.
,
2021
,
Fundamentals of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals
,
Elsevier
,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
.
7.
Velo3D
,
2021
, “
The Secret to High Performance Heat Exchangers: High Aspect Ratio
,” Velo3D, Campbell, CA, accessed Feb. 2, 2023, https://blog.velo3d.com/blog/high-aspect-ratio-structures
8.
Schwalbach
,
E. J.
,
Donegan
,
S. P.
, and
Chapman
,
M. G
, .,
2019
, “
A Discrete Source Model of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Thermal History
,”
Addit. Manuf.
,
25
, pp.
485
498
.10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.004
9.
Rasband
,
W. S.
,
2018
, “
ImageJ
,”
U.S. National Institutes of Health
,
Bethesda, MD
, accessed Feb. 2, 2023, https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
10.
McAllister
,
D.
,
2016
, “
Shearing Mechanisms and Complex Particle Growth in Nickel Superalloy 718
,”
Ph.D. dissertation
,
The Ohio State University
,
Columbus, OH
.https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......128M/abstract
11.
Phillips
,
P. J.
,
McAllister
,
D.
,
Gao
,
Y.
,
Lv
,
D.
,
Williams
,
R. E. A.
,
Peterson
,
B.
,
Wang
,
Y.
, and
Mills
,
M. J.
,
2012
, “
Nano γ′/γ″ Composite Precipitates in Alloy 718
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
,
100
(
21
), p.
211913
.10.1063/1.4721456
12.
Askeland
,
D. R.
, and
Wright
,
W. J.
,
2022
, “
The Science and Engineering of Materials
,”
Enhanced Edition
,
Cengage Learning
,
Boston, MA
.
13.
Special Metals
,
2021
, “
Technical Bulletins for INCONEL Alloys
,” Special Metals, Huntington, WV, accessed Feb. 2, 2023, https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/inconel/inconel-alloy-718.pdf
You do not currently have access to this content.