In the friction stir welding (FSW) process, heat is generated by friction between the tool and the workpiece. This heat flows into the workpiece as well as the tool. The amount of heat conducted into the workpiece determines the quality of the weld, residual stress and distortion of the workpiece. The amount of the heat that flows to the tool dictates the life of the tool and the capability of the tool for the joining process. In this paper, we formulate the heat transfer of the FSW process into two boundary value problems (BVP)—a steady state BVP for the tool and a transient BVP for the workpiece. To quantify the physical values of the process the temperatures in the workpiece and the tool are measured during FSW. Using the measured transient temperature fields finite element numerical analyses were performed to determine the heat flux generated from the friction to the workpiece and the tool. Detailed temperature distributions in the workpiece and the tool are presented. Discussions relative to the FSW process are then given. In particular, the results show that (1) the majority of the heat generated from the friction, i.e., about 95%, is transferred into the workpiece and only 5% flows into the tool and (2) the fraction of the rate of plastic work dissipated as heat is about 80%.
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February 2003
Technical Papers
Heat Transfer in Friction Stir Welding—Experimental and Numerical Studies
X. Qi,
X. Qi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 S. Main, Columbia, SC 29208
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W. Tang
W. Tang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 S. Main, Columbia, SC 29208
Search for other works by this author on:
X. Qi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 S. Main, Columbia, SC 29208
W. Tang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 S. Main, Columbia, SC 29208
Contributed by the Manufacturing Engineering Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. Manuscript received May 2001; Revised May 2002. Associate Editor: J. Hu.
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. Feb 2003, 125(1): 138-145 (8 pages)
Published Online: March 4, 2003
Article history
Received:
May 1, 2001
Revised:
May 1, 2002
Online:
March 4, 2003
Citation
Chao, Y. J., Qi , X., and Tang, W. (March 4, 2003). "Heat Transfer in Friction Stir Welding—Experimental and Numerical Studies ." ASME. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. February 2003; 125(1): 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1537741
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