... nonproportional loadings. Results reveal that predictions of the proposed approaches are more accurate. In this section, a comparison is made among results of the well-known theories reviewed in the present paper, results of the proposed criteria, and the experimental data prepared by the author...

... paths; however, the analysis of nonproportional load paths brings forth complexities, such as the identification of cycles, definition of mean stresses, and phase shifts, that the equivalent-stress approaches have difficulties in modeling. Shear-stress based critical-plane approaches, which consider...

... composite plasticity yielding flow hardening nonproportional loading Two basic tenets of metal plasticity theory are that yielding is independent of the hydrostatic pressure and that the yield function can be used as the plastic potential for an associated flow rule (e.g., ( 1 2 3...