... physics in the CAE model. A nonlinear spring-mass model is used to simulate rigid-barrier vehicle frontal impact. A Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is then applied in conjunction with a Gaussian mixture model to capture the model bias of the nonlinear spring constant under a dynamic analysis...

... the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm (HMC) with the Gaussian mixture model. The HMC is superior to the common Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm in convergence, which is helpful in improving sampling efficiency. Our ISPDF is generated adaptively and does not require the most probable failure point (MPFP...