...Pengfei Sun; Haining Lu; Jianmin Yang; Zhiyong Xu The seabed soil of the polymetallic nodule mining area is relatively thin, soft, and fluid, which will produce large deformation under external disturbance. Its undrained shear strength is related to strain-rate and strain-softening effect...

... of the free-field ice gouging process in clay. Compared with earlier numerical and the MC model, the developed model achieved a significantly improved agreement with the published test results. The incorporation of strain-rate and strain-softening effects resulted in reaction forces higher than the MC...