... the experimental stiffness. The intact FEM can closely replicate the tensile response of flexible pipes. An FEM that considers the real carcass layer and the pressure armor layer can effectively simulate the friction between layers. Moreover, the C3D8I element accounts for all the interactions in the model...

... t = thickness of the wire that form the tendons T = imposed torque on the flexible pipe flexible pipes tensile response experimental tests finite elements Flexible pipes (Fig. 1 ) are key components in the design and successful operation of floating facilities devoted...