Heat transfer rates of a single horizontal tube immersed in a water-filled enclosure tilted at 30 deg are measured. The results serve as a baseline case for a solar water heating system with a heat exchanger immersed in an integral collector storage. Experiments are conducted for isothermal and stratified enclosures with both adiabatic and uniform heat flux boundary conditions. Natural convection flow in the enclosure is interpreted from measured water temperature distributions. Formation of an appropriate temperature difference that drives natural convection is determined. Correlations for the overall heat transfer coefficient in terms of the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers are reduced to the form for
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Arora
, S.
, Davidson
, J.
, Burch
, J.
, and Mantell
, S.
, 2001
, “Thermal Penalty of an Immersed Heat Exchanger in Integral Collector Storage Systems
,” ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng.
, 123
(3
), pp. 180
–186
.2.
Liu, W., Davidson, J. H., and Kulacki, F. A., 2001, “Natural Convection from a Single Tube Immersed in a Tilted Thin Enclosure,” Proc. of Int. Conf. on Energy Conversion and Application (ICECA’2001), Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology Press, Wuhan, China, 1, pp. 408–413.
3.
Thornton, J., Arora, S., Davidson, J. H., Burch, J., Christensen, C., and Barker, G., 2000, “Modeling Advances in Low-Cost Integral Collector Storage Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems,” Proc. of SOLAR 2000, Madison, WI, pp. 255–260.
4.
Morgan
, V. T.
, 1975
, “The Overall Convective Heat Transfer from Smooth Circular Cylinders
,” Adv. Heat Transfer
, 11
, pp. 199
–264
.5.
Churchill
, S. W.
, and Chu
, H. H. S.
, 1975
, “Correlating Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Free Convection from a Horizontal Cylinder
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 18
, No. 9
, pp. 1049
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.6.
Lienhard
, J. H.
, 1973
, “On the Commonality of Equations for Natural Convection from Immersed Bodies
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 16
(11
), pp. 2121
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.7.
Arnold
, J. N.
, Catton
, I.
, and Edwards
, D.
, 1976
, “Experimental Investigation of Natural Convection in Inclined Rectangular Regions of Differing Aspect Ratios
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 98
(1
), pp. 67
–71
.8.
Hart
, J. E.
, 1971
, “Stability of the Flow in a Differentially Heated Inclined Box
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 47
(3
), pp. 547
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.9.
Catton
, I.
, Ayyaswamy
, P. S.
, and Clever
, R. M.
, 1974
, “Natural Convection Flow in a Finite, Rectangular Slot Arbitrarily Oriented with Respect to the Gravity Vector
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 17
(2
), pp. 173
–184
.10.
Ozoe
, H.
, Sayama
, H.
, and Churchill
, S. W.
, 1975
, “Natural Convection in an Inclined Rectangular Channel at Various Aspect Ratios and Angles-Experimental Measurements
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 18
(12
), pp. 1425
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Sundstrom
, L.-G.
, and Kimura
, S.
, 1996
, “On Laminar Free Convection in Inclined Rectangular Enclosures
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 313
, pp. 343
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Canaan
, R. E.
, and Klein
, D. E.
, 1996
, “An Experimental Investigation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer within Horizontal Spent-Fuel Assemblies
,” Nucl. Technol.
, 116
(3
), pp. 306
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.13.
Keyhani
, M.
, and Luo
, L.
, 1995
, “Numerical Study of Convection Heat Transfer within Enclosed Horizontal Rod Bundles
,” Nucl. Sci. Eng.
, 119
(2
), pp. 116
–127
.14.
Keyhani
, M.
, and Dalton
, T.
, 1996
, “Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Horizontal Rod-Bundle Enclosures
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 118
(3
), pp. 598
–605
.15.
Kuehn
, T. H.
, and Goldstein
, R. J.
, 1976
, “Correlating Equations for Natural Convection Heat Transfer between Horizontal Circular Cylinders
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 19
(10
), pp. 1127
–1134
.16.
Sparrow
, E. M.
, and Charmchi
, M.
, 1983
, “Natural Convection Experiments in an Enclosure between Eccentric or Concentric Vertical Cylinders of Different Height and Diameter
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 26
(1
), pp. 133
–143
.17.
Warrington
, R. O.
, and Crupper
, G.
, 1981
, “Natural Convection Heat Transfer between Cylindrical Tube Bundles and a Cubical Enclosure
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 103
, pp. 103
–107
.18.
Farrington, R. B., and Bingham C. E., 1986, “Testing and Analysis of Immersed Heat Exchangers,” Solar Energy Research Institute, SERI Report #TR-253-2866.
19.
Farrington, R. B., 1986, “Test Results of Immersed Coil Heat Exchangers and Liquid Storage Tanks Used in the Packaged Systems Program,” Solar Energy Research Institute, SERI Report #TR-254-2841.
20.
Khalillolahi
, A.
, and Sammakia
, B.
, 1990
, “The Thermal Capacity Effect upon Transient Natural Convection in a Rectangular Cavity
,” ASME J. Electron. Packag.
, 112
(4
), pp. 357
–366
.21.
Khalilollahi
, A.
, and Sammakia
, B.
, 1986
, “Unsteady Natural Convection Generated by a Heated Surface within an Enclosure
,” Numer. Heat Transfer
, 9
(6
), pp. 715
–730
.22.
Reindl
, D. T.
, Beckman
, W. A.
, and Mitchell
, J. W.
, 1992, “Transient Natural Convection in Enclosures with Application to Solar Thermal Storage Tanks,” Solar Engineering, Proc. of 1992 ASME-JSME-KSES Int. Solar Energy Conf., ASME, Maui, HI, 2, pp. 1143–1148.23.
Reindl, D. T., Beckman, W. A., and Mitchell, J. W., 1992, “Transient Natural Convection from a Vertical Flat Plate in a Rectangular Enclosure,” 28th National Heat Transfer Conf. and Exhibition, ASME, 198, San Diego, CA, pp. 91–98.
24.
Reindl, D. T., 1992, Source Driven Transient Natural Convection in Enclosures, Doctoral Thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.
25.
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26.
Wu, L., and Bannerot, R. B., 1987, “Experimental Study of the Effect of Water Extraction on Thermal Stratification in Storage,” Solar Engineering, Proc. of ASME-JSME-JSES Solar Energy Conf., ASME, Honolulu, HI, 1, pp. 445–451.
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