Abstract
Experiments to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of supported to potabilize water in common plastic PET bottles under solar irradiation were performed. Commercial titanium dioxide (Degussa P-25) was applied to different cheap materials—glass rings, glass rods and porcelain beads—by dip coating, or directly to the plastic wall of the bottles. The adherence and stability of on the supports and the photocatalytic activity in bottles under solar irradiation was evaluated using model compounds as 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Rings were found to be the best glass supports, but PET bottles were superior for this specific application, as no fragile fillings are used, and the materials can be easily fabricated on site.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Wegelin
,
M.
,
2000, “Back to the
Household—Also in Water Treatment
,” EAWAG
News
, 48
, pp.
11
–12
.2.
Acra
,
A.
,
Jurdi
,
M.
,
Mu’allem
,
H.
,
Karahagopian
,
Y.
, and
Raffoul
,
Z.
,
1990, “Water
Disinfection by Solar Radiation, Assessment and
Application
,” Technical Study 66e, in http://www.idrc.ca/library/document/041882/. IDRC Library: Documents,
Ottawa, Canada, 1998.3.
Wegelin
,
M.
,
Canonica
,
S.
,
Mechner
,
K.
,
Fleischmann
,
T.
,
Pesaro
,
F.
, and
Metzler
,
A.
,
1994, “Solar Water
Disinfection: Scope of the Process and Analysis of Radiation
Experiments
,” J. Water Supply: Res.
Technol.-AQUA
, 43
, pp.
154
–169
.4.
Sommer
,
B.
,
Mariño
,
A.
,
Solarte
,
Y.
,
Salas
, M.
L.
, Dierolf
,
C.
,
Valiente
,
C.
,
Mora
,
D.
, and
Rechteiner
,
R.
,
1997, “SODIS—An Emergent
Water Treatment Process
,” J. Water Supply: Res.
Technol.-AQUA
, 46
, pp.
127
–137
.5.
McGuigan
, K.
G.
, Joyce
, T.
M.
, Conroy
, R.
M.
, Gillespie
, J.
B.
, and Elmore-Meegan
,
M.
,
1998, J. Appl.
Microbiol.
1364-5072, 84
, pp.
1138
–1148
.6.
McGuigan
, K.
G.
, Joyce
, T.
M.
, and Conroy
, R.
M.
, 1999,
“Solar Disinfection: Use of Sunlight to Decontaminate
Drinking Water in Developing Countries
,” J. Med.
Microbiol.
0022-2615, 48
, pp.
785
–787
.7.
Smith
,
R.
,
Kehoe
,
S.
,
McGuigan
, K.
G.
, and Barer
,
M.
,
2000, “Effects of
Simulated Solar Disinfection on Infectivity of Salmonella
Typhimurium
,” Lett. Appl.
Microbiol.
0266-8254, 31
, pp.
284
–288
. 8.
Wegelin
,
M.
,
Canonica
,
S.
,
Alder
,
A.
,
Suter
,
M.
,
Bucheli
, T.
D.
, Haefigler
, O.
P.
, Zenobi
,
R.
,
McGuigan
, K.
G.
, Kelly
, M.
T.
, Ibrahim
,
P.
, and
Larroque
,
M.
,
2001, “Does Sunlight
Change the Material and Content of PET Bottles
,” J.
Water Supply: Res. Technol.-AQUA
, 90
, pp.
125
–135
.9.
Kehoe
, S.
C.
, Barer
, M.
R.
, Devlin
,
L.
, and
McGuigan
, K.
G.
, 2004,
“Batch Process Solar Disinfection is an Efficient Means of
Disinfecting Drinking Water Contaminated With Shigella
dysenteriae Type I
,” Lett. Appl.
Microbiol.
0266-8254, 38
, pp.
410
–414
.10.
Oates
, P.
M.
, Sanan
,
P.
, and
Polz
, M.
F.
, 2003,
“Solar Disinfection (SODIS): Simulation of Solar Radiation
For Global Assessment and Application For Point-of-Use Water Treatment in
Haiti
,” Water Res.
0043-1354, 37
, pp.
47
–54
. 11.
Martín-Domínguez
,
A.
,
Alarcón-Herrera
, M.
T.
, Martín-Domínguez
,
I. R.
, and González-Herrera
,
A.
,
2005, “Efficiency in the
Disinfection of Water For Human Consumption in Rural Communities Using Solar
Radiation
,” Sol. Energy
0038-092X, 78
, pp.
31
–40
. 12.
Fundación SODIS
,
1998, Notas Técnicas No. 1 a 17. In:
www.sodis.ch. Cochabamba-Bolivia.13.
Litter
, M.
I.
, 2005,
“Introduction to Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes
for Water Treatment
,” The Handbook of Environmental
Chemistry series
, Vol. 2
, Part M: Environmental
Photochemistry Part II, edited by P.
Boule
, D.
W.
Bahnemann
and
P. K. J.
Robertson
,
Springer-Verlag
, Berlin Heidelberg, pp.
325
–366
.14.
“Eliminación de Contaminantes Por Fotocatálisis Heterogénea,”
2004, Texto Colectivo Elaborado Por la
Red CYTED VIII-G,” 2004, edited by M. A. Blesa and B. Sánchez, Editorial Ciemat,
Madrid.
15.
Pacheco
, J.
E.
, and Yellowhorse
,
L.
,
1992, “Summary of
Engineering-Scale Experiments for the Solar Detoxification of
Water
,” Project SAND92-0385, Albuquerque, NM: Sandia
National Laboratories.16.
Ibáñez
, J.
A.
, Litter
, M.
I.
, and Pizarro
, R.
A.
, 2003,
“Photocatalytic Bactericidal Effect of TiO2 on
Enterobacter Cloacae. Comparative Study With Other Gram
(-) Bacteria
,” J. Photochem. Photobiol., A
1010-6030, 157
, pp.
81
–85
. 17.
Guimaraes
, J.
R.
, Ibáñez
,
J.
,
Litter
, M.
I.
, and Pizarro
,
R.
,
“Desinfección de Agua,” “Eliminación de Contaminantes por Fotocatálisis
Heterogénea,” Texto colectivo elaborado por la Red CYTED VIII-G,”
2004, edited by M. A. Blesa and B. Sánchez, Editorial Ciemat, Madrid, pp.
375
–388
.18.
Block
, S.
S.
, Seng
, V.
P.
, and Goswami
, D.
W.
, 1997,
“Chemically Enhanced Sunlight for Killing
Bacteria
,” J. Sol. Energy Eng.
0199-6231, 119
, pp.
85
–91
.19.
Blake
, D.
M.
, Maness
, P.
C.
, Zheng
,
H.
,
Wolfrum
, E.
J.
, and Huang
,
J.
,
1999, “Application of
the Photocatalytic Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide to Disinfection and the
Killing of Cancer Cell
,” Sep. Purif.
Methods
0360-2540, 28
, pp.
1
–50
.20.
Herrera Melián
, J.
A.
, Doña Rodríguez
,
J. M.
, Viera Suárez
,
A.
,
Tello Rondón
,
E.
,
Valdés do Campo
,
C.
,
Arana
,
J.
, and
Pérez Peña
,
J.
,
2000, “The
Photocatalytic Disinfection of Urban Waste Waters
,”
Chemosphere
0045-6535, 41
, pp.
323
–327
.21.
Salih
, F.
M.
, 2002,
“Enhancement of Solar Inactivation of Escherichia
Coli by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic
Oxidation
,” J. Appl. Microbiol.
1364-5072, 92
, pp.
920
–926
.22.
Rincón
, A.
G.
, and Pulgarin
,
C.
,
2003, “Photocatalytic
Inactivation of E. coli: Effect of
(Continuous-Intermittent) Light Intensity and of (Suspended-Fixed) TiO2
Concentration
,” Appl. Catal., B
0926-3373, 44
, pp.
263
–284
. 23.
Piperata
,
G.
,
Meichtry
, J.
M.
, and Litter
, M.
I.
, 2004,
“Photocatalytic Reactions over TiO2 Supported on Porcelain
Spheres
,” Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci.
0340-255X, 128
, pp.
303
–308
.24.
Lonnen
,
J.
,
Kilvington
,
S.
,
Kehoe
, S.
C.
, Al-Touati
,
F.
, and
McGuigan
, K.
G.
, 2005,
“Solar and Photocatalytic Disinfection of Protozoan, Fungal
and Bacterial Microbes in Drinking Water
,” Water
Res.
0043-1354, 39
, pp.
877
–883
. 25.
Duffy
, E.
F.
, Al Touati
,
F.
,
Kehoe
, S.
C.
, McLoughlin
, O.
A.
, Gill
, L.
W.
, Gernjak
,
W.
,
Oller
,
I.
,
Maldonado
, M.
I.
, Malato
,
S.
,
Cassidy
,
J.
,
Reed
, R.
H.
, and McGuigan
,
K. G.
, 2004,
“A Novel TiO2-Assisted Solar Photocatalytic Batch-Process
Disinfection Reactor for the Treatment of Biological and Chemical
Contaminants in Domestic Drinking Water in Developing
Countries
,” Sol. Energy
0038-092X, 77
, pp.
649
–655
.26.
“Desinfección Solar de Aguas en Comunidades Rurales de América
Latina,” 2003, Proyecto OEA/AE141, edited by M. I. Litter and H. D. Mansilla,
Digital Grafic, La Plata, http://www.cnea.gov.ar/xxi/ambiental/agua-pura/default.htm.
27.
“Avances en Tecnologías Económicas Solares Para Desinfección,
Descontaminación y Remoción de Arsénico en Aguas de Comunidades Rurales de
América Latina (Métodos FH y RAOS),” Proyecto OEA/AE141, 2004, edited by M. I.
Litter and A. Jiménez González, Digital Grafic, La Plata, http://www.cnea.gov.ar/xxi/ambiental/agua-pura/default.htm.
28.
Grossi Gallegos
,
H.
,
“Distribución de la Radiación Solar Global en la República
Argentina. II. Cartas de Radiación
,” Advances Energías
Renovables y Medio Ambiente, (ASADES, Argentina), 5
, pp.
33
–41
.29.
AOAC official Method
978.05
, 1978,
“2,4-D in Pesticide Formulations, Automated Liquid
Chromatographic Method, First Action 1978
,” J. AOAC
Int.
1060-3271, 61
, p. 1163
; AOAC official Method
978.05
, 1979,
“2,4-D in Pesticide Formulations, Automated Liquid
Chromatographic Method, First Action 1978
,” J. AOAC
Int.
1060-3271, 62
, p.
334
.30.
Martín
, S.
T.
, Herrmann
,
H.
, and
Hoffmann
, M.
R.
, 1994,
“Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity. Part 2—Quantum-Sized
TiO2 and the Effect of Adsorbates and Light Intensity on Charge-Carrier
Dynamics
,” J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans.
0956-5000,
90
, pp.
3323
–3330
. 31.
Herrmann
,
J.-M.
,
Disdier
,
J.
,
Pichat
,
P.
,
Malato
,
S.
, and
Blanco
,
J.
,
1998, “TiO2-Based Solar
Photocatalytic Detoxification of Water Containing Organic Pollutants. Case
Studies of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and of
Benzofuran
,” Appl. Catal., B
0926-3373, 17
, pp.
15
–23
. Copyright © 2007
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
