A new experimental apparatus is used to measure the static friction between tin surfaces under various loads. After the data is collected it is then compared to an existing theoretical model. The experiment uses the classical physics technique of increasing the incline of a plane and block until the block slides. The angle at the initiation of sliding is used to find the static friction coefficient. The experiment utilizes an automated apparatus to minimize human error. The finite element based statistical rough surface contact model for static friction under full stick by Li, Etsion, and Talke (2010, “Contact Area and Static Friction of Rough Surfaces with High Plasticity Index,” ASME Journal of Tribology, 132(3), p. 031401) is used to make predictions of the friction coefficient using surface profile data from the experiment. Comparison of the computational and experimental methods shows similar qualitative trends, and even some quantitative agreement. After adjusting the results for the possible effect of the native tin oxide film, the theoretical and experimental results can be brought into reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement.
References
1.
Bowden
, F. P.
, and Tabor
, D.
, 1967, Friction and Lubrication
, Methuen
, London
.2.
Chang
, W. R.
, Etsion
, I.
, Bogy
, D. B.
, 1988, “Static Friction Coefficient Model for Metallic Rough Surfaces
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 110
(1
), pp. 57
–63
.3.
Chang
, W. R.
, Etsion
, I.
, and Bogy
, D. B.
, 1987, “An Elastic-Plastic Model for the Contact of Rough Surfaces
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 109
(2
), pp. 257
–263
.4.
Greenwood
, J. A.
, and Williamson
, J. B. P.
, 1966, “Contact of Nominally Flat Surfaces
,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A
, 295
(1442
), pp. 300
–319
.5.
Gassenfeit
, E. H.
, and Soom
, A.
, 1988, “Friction Coefficient Measured at Lubricated Planar Contacts During Start-Up
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 110
(3
), pp. 533
–538
.6.
Deladi
, E. L.
, De Rooij
, M. B.
, and Schipper
, D. J.
, 2007, “Modelling of Static Friction in Rubber-Metal Contact
,” Tribology International
, 40
(4
), pp. 588
–594
.7.
Persson
, B. N. J.
, 2001, “Theory of Rubber Friction and Contact Mechanics
,” Journal of Chemical Physics
, 115
(8
), pp. 3840
–3861
.8.
Garcia
, C.
, 2008, “Comparison of Friction Models Applied to a Control Valve
,” Control Engineering Practice
, 16
(10
), pp. 1231
–1243
.9.
Lee
, C.-H.
, Eriten
, M.
, and Polycarpou
, A. A.
, 2010, “Application of Elastic-Plastic Static Friction Models to Rough Surfaces with Asymmetric Asperity Distribution
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 132
(3
), p.
031602
.10.
Xie
, W.
, De Meter
, E. C.
, and Trethewey
, M. W.
, 2000, “Experimental Evaluation of Coefficients of Static Friction of Common Workpiece-Fixture Element Pairs
,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
, 40
(4
), pp. 467
–488
.11.
Polycarpou
, A. A.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 1998, “Comparison of the Static Friction Sub-Boundary Lubrication Model with Experimental Measurements on Thin-Film Disks
,” Tribology Transactions
, 41
(2
), pp. 217
–224
.12.
Tas
, N. R.
, Gui
, C.
, and Elwenspoek
, M.
, 2003, “Static Friction in Elastic Adhesion Contacts in Mems
,” Journal of Adhesion Science Technology
, 17
(4
), pp. 547
–561
.13.
Kogut
, L.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2003, “A Semi-Analytical Solution for the Sliding Inception of a Spherical Contact
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 125
(3
), pp. 499
–506
.14.
Kogut
, L.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2004, “A Static Friction Model for Elastic-Plastic Contacting Rough Surfaces
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 126
(1
), pp. 34
–40
.15.
Yang
, J.
, and Komvopoulos
, K.
, 2005, “A Mechanics Approach to Static Friction of Elastic-Plastic Fractal Surfaces
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 127
(2
), pp. 315
–324
.16.
Tayebi
, N.
, and Polycarpou
, A. A.
, 2004, “Modeling the Effect of Skewness and Kurtosis on the Static Friction Coefficient of Rough Surfaces
,” Tribology International
, 37
(6
), pp. 491
–505
.17.
Lee
, C.-H.
, and Polycarpou
, A. A.
, 2007, “Static Friction Experiments and Verification of an Improved Elastic-Plastic Model Including Roughness Effects
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 129
(4
), pp. 754
–760
.18.
Brizmer
, V.
, Kligerman
, Y.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2007, “Elastic-Plastic Spherical Contact under Combined Normal and Tangential Loading in Full Stick
,” Tribology Letters
, 25
(1
), pp. 61
–70
.19.
Cohen
, D.
, Kligerman
, Y.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2008, “A Model for Contact and Static Friction of Nominally Flat Rough Surfaces under Full Stick Contact Condition
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 130
(3
), p.
031401
.20.
Li
, L.
, Etsion
, I.
, and Talke
, F. E.
, 2010, “Contact Area and Static Friction of Rough Surfaces with High Plasticity Index
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 132
(3
), p.
031401
.21.
Jackson
, R.L.
, and Green
, I.
, 2005, “A Finite Element Study of Elasto-Plastic Hemispherical Contact
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 127
(2
), pp. 343
–354
.22.
Chaudhri
, M. M.
, Hutchings
, I. M.
, and Markin.
P.L.
, 1984, “Plastic Compression of Spheres
,” Philosophical Magazine
, 49
(4
), pp. 493
–503
.23.
Tabor
D.
, 1951, The Hardness of Materials
, Clarendon Press
, Oxford
.24.
Quicksall
, J. J.
, Jackson
, R. L.
, and Green
, I.
, 2004, “Elasto-Plastic Hemispherical Contact Models for Various Mechanical Properties
,” IMechE Journal of Engineering Tribology Part J
, 218
(4
), pp. 313
–322
.25.
Wadwalkar
, S. S.
, Jackson
, R. L.
, and Kogut
, L.
, 2010, “A Study of the Elastic-Plastic Deformation of Heavily Deformed Spherical Contacts
,” IMechE Journal of Engineering Tribology Part J
, 224
(10
), pp. 1091
–1102
.26.
Mccool
, J. I.
, 1987, “Relating Profile Instrument Measurements to the Functional Performance of Rough Surfaces
,” ASME Journal of Tribology
, 109
(2
), pp. 264
–270
.27.
Rabinowicz
, E.
, 1995, Friction and Wear of Materials
, Wiley
, New York
.28.
Chang
, E.
, and Graham
, E. K.
, 1975, “The Elastic Constants of Cassiterite Sno2 and Their Pressure and Temperature Dependence
,” Journal of Geophysical Research
, 80
(17
), pp. 2595
–2599
.Copyright © 2011
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
