For the three conduit materials studied, the differences in computed pressure drops are presented corresponding to the 1D offset and 60 deg twist angle configuration subjected to 15 mmHg venous pressure (a). Reported values are in percentage and are relative to the straight conduit at the same flow conditions, which results in a pressure drop of 1.96 Pa under Poiseuille flow condition for the same conduit length. Snapshots of the PTFE, porcine pericardium, and Dacron conduits obtained from the mock-up setup are displayed corresponding to the 1D offset, 60 deg twist angle configuration subjected to 15 mmHg venous pressure from left to right (b). Corresponding three-dimensional conduit flow pathways are shaded with the local velocity magnitude in m/s for PTFE, pericardium, and Dacron (from left to right) under 1D offset, 60 deg twist angle and 15 mmHg venous pressure condition (c). The surface irregularities of the Dacron conduit that are resolved by the CFD model are also visible in (c). ΔPressure refers to the percent pressure drop difference.